Biology MCQs – Set 12: High-Level Questions for UPSC/PSC/SSC CGL Prep

  1. Which tissue is responsible for transport of water in plants?
    (A) Phloem
    (B) Xylem
    (C) Parenchyma
    (D) Collenchyma
    Answer: (B)
  2. Which part of the brain controls hunger and thirst?
    (A) Cerebrum
    (B) Cerebellum
    (C) Hypothalamus
    (D) Medulla
    Answer: (C)
  3. What is the basic structural unit of living organisms?
    (A) Tissue
    (B) Cell
    (C) Organ
    (D) Organ system
    Answer: (B)
  4. Which one of the following animals does not have a backbone?
    (A) Snake
    (B) Fish
    (C) Frog
    (D) Earthworm
    Answer: (D)
  5. What is the main function of white blood cells?
    (A) Transport oxygen
    (B) Clot blood
    (C) Immunity
    (D) Produce insulin
    Answer: (C)
  6. Which organ is the site of gas exchange in the human body?
    (A) Heart
    (B) Liver
    (C) Lung
    (D) Kidney
    Answer: (C)
  7. Which part of the ear maintains balance?
    (A) Cochlea
    (B) Tympanic membrane
    (C) Semicircular canals
    (D) Ear drum
    Answer: (C)
  8. Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
    (A) Vitamin A
    (B) Vitamin B
    (C) Vitamin C
    (D) Vitamin D
    Answer: (C)
  9. The large molecule made up of amino acids is –
    (A) Carbohydrate
    (B) Protein
    (C) Fat
    (D) DNA
    Answer: (B)
  10. Which system controls voluntary and involuntary movements?
    (A) Endocrine
    (B) Circulatory
    (C) Nervous
    (D) Respiratory
    Answer: (C)
  11. Which mineral is essential for clotting of blood?
    (A) Zinc
    (B) Iodine
    (C) Calcium
    (D) Phosphorus
    Answer: (C)
  12. Which structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
    (A) Chloroplast
    (B) Mitochondria
    (C) Ribosome
    (D) Vacuole
    Answer: (A)
  13. Which of these is an excretory product in humans?
    (A) Carbon dioxide
    (B) Glucose
    (C) Oxygen
    (D) Hemoglobin
    Answer: (A)
  14. Which blood group is known as the universal recipient?
    (A) A
    (B) B
    (C) AB
    (D) O
    Answer: (C)
  15. Which of the following hormones is secreted during stress?
    (A) Glucagon
    (B) Adrenaline
    (C) Insulin
    (D) Estrogen
    Answer: (B)
  16. The hair-like structures that help bacteria move are called –
    (A) Cilia
    (B) Pili
    (C) Flagella
    (D) Villi
    Answer: (C)
  17. Which part of the nephron collects the filtrate?
    (A) Glomerulus
    (B) Bowman’s capsule
    (C) Loop of Henle
    (D) Collecting duct
    Answer: (B)
  18. Which gas is taken in by plants during photosynthesis?
    (A) Oxygen
    (B) Carbon dioxide
    (C) Nitrogen
    (D) Hydrogen
    Answer: (B)
  19. The part of the brain responsible for emotions is –
    (A) Cerebrum
    (B) Cerebellum
    (C) Hypothalamus
    (D) Medulla
    Answer: (C)
  20. What type of joint is found in the skull?
    (A) Hinge joint
    (B) Ball and socket joint
    (C) Pivot joint
    (D) Fixed joint
    Answer: (D)
  21. Which disease is caused by Vitamin B3 deficiency?
    (A) Scurvy
    (B) Pellagra
    (C) Rickets
    (D) Beriberi
    Answer: (B)
  22. Which plant hormone is involved in fruit ripening?
    (A) Cytokinin
    (B) Ethylene
    (C) Auxin
    (D) Gibberellin
    Answer: (B)
  23. The enzyme that breaks down fats is –
    (A) Amylase
    (B) Lipase
    (C) Trypsin
    (D) Pepsin
    Answer: (B)
  24. Which of these is a biotic component of the environment?
    (A) Water
    (B) Air
    (C) Soil
    (D) Plants
    Answer: (D)
  25. What is the function of red blood cells?
    (A) Clot blood
    (B) Produce antibodies
    (C) Transport oxygen
    (D) Provide immunity
    Answer: (C)
  26. The major excretory product in mammals is –
    (A) Urea
    (B) Ammonia
    (C) Uric acid
    (D) Creatinine
    Answer: (A)
  27. Which of the following is a lymphatic organ?
    (A) Liver
    (B) Kidney
    (C) Spleen
    (D) Pancreas
    Answer: (C)
  28. What is the genetic material in cells?
    (A) Lipids
    (B) Proteins
    (C) DNA
    (D) Carbohydrates
    Answer: (C)
  29. Which vitamin helps in absorption of calcium?
    (A) Vitamin A
    (B) Vitamin D
    (C) Vitamin C
    (D) Vitamin K
    Answer: (B)
  30. The process of breakdown of glucose to release energy is called –
    (A) Transpiration
    (B) Photosynthesis
    (C) Respiration
    (D) Digestion
    Answer: (C)
  31. The part of the eye that detects light is –
    (A) Cornea
    (B) Iris
    (C) Retina
    (D) Lens
    Answer: (C)
  32. Which of the following connects muscles to muscles?
    (A) Ligament
    (B) Tendon
    (C) Fascia
    (D) Cartilage
    Answer: (C)
  33. Which process helps in maintaining internal balance in the body?
    (A) Digestion
    (B) Homeostasis
    (C) Reproduction
    (D) Circulation
    Answer: (B)
  34. Which part of the plant cell stores food and waste?
    (A) Nucleus
    (B) Cytoplasm
    (C) Chloroplast
    (D) Vacuole
    Answer: (D)
  35. The iron-containing protein in red blood cells is –
    (A) Hemoglobin
    (B) Albumin
    (C) Myoglobin
    (D) Globulin
    Answer: (A)
  36. The removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body is called –
    (A) Inhalation
    (B) Excretion
    (C) Reabsorption
    (D) Filtration
    Answer: (B)
  37. Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
    (A) Glycerol
    (B) Cellulose
    (C) Amino acid
    (D) Fatty acid
    Answer: (B)
  38. Which organ of the body is affected by hepatitis?
    (A) Lungs
    (B) Heart
    (C) Liver
    (D) Kidneys
    Answer: (C)
  39. The outer covering of a plant seed is called –
    (A) Cotyledon
    (B) Plumule
    (C) Seed coat
    (D) Endosperm
    Answer: (C)
  40. The major component of cell membranes is –
    (A) Protein
    (B) Carbohydrate
    (C) Lipid
    (D) DNA
    Answer: (C)
  41. Which organ controls blood sugar level?
    (A) Liver
    (B) Kidney
    (C) Pancreas
    (D) Stomach
    Answer: (C)
  42. The pigment found in the skin that protects from UV rays is –
    (A) Keratin
    (B) Melanin
    (C) Collagen
    (D) Hemoglobin
    Answer: (B)
  43. The main function of the root hairs is –
    (A) Photosynthesis
    (B) Reproduction
    (C) Absorption of water
    (D) Protection
    Answer: (C)
  44. The hormone insulin is produced by –
    (A) Alpha cells
    (B) Beta cells
    (C) Delta cells
    (D) Acinar cells
    Answer: (B)
  45. The human body has how many kidneys?
    (A) One
    (B) Two
    (C) Three
    (D) Four
    Answer: (B)
  46. Which of these is not a component of the lymphatic system?
    (A) Spleen
    (B) Tonsils
    (C) Liver
    (D) Lymph nodes
    Answer: (C)
  47. The process of forming blood cells is called –
    (A) Hemolysis
    (B) Hematopoiesis
    (C) Hemostasis
    (D) Hemophilia
    Answer: (B)
  48. Which of the following is a heterotrophic organism?
    (A) Green plant
    (B) Fungi
    (C) Algae
    (D) Cyanobacteria
    Answer: (B)
  49. Which part of the plant forms the seed after fertilization?
    (A) Ovary
    (B) Ovule
    (C) Anther
    (D) Style
    Answer: (B)
  50. Which part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients?
    (A) Stomach
    (B) Small intestine
    (C) Large intestine
    (D) Liver
    Answer: (B)
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