Which country hosted the first Earth Summit in 1992?
(A) USA
(B) Sweden
(C) Brazil
(D) India
Answer: (C)

Which plant helps control water pollution in lakes?
(A) Lotus
(B) Water Hyacinth
(C) Neem
(D) Bamboo
Answer: (B)

Which of the following is a primary consumer in a food chain?
(A) Deer
(B) Tiger
(C) Vulture
(D) Frog
Answer: (A)

Which of the following is not part of the ‘three Rs’ in waste management?
(A) Reuse
(B) Reduce
(C) Refuel
(D) Recycle
Answer: (C)

Which species is most affected by habitat fragmentation?
(A) Tiger
(B) Crow
(C) Rat
(D) Pigeon
Answer: (A)

Which is the main cause of the shrinking of wetlands?
(A) Mining
(B) Urban development
(C) Soil erosion
(D) Glacial melting
Answer: (B)

Which ecosystem service involves pollination by bees?
(A) Regulating
(B) Cultural
(C) Supporting
(D) Provisioning
Answer: (C)

Which UN agency is primarily focused on environmental issues?
(A) UNDP
(B) UNEP
(C) WHO
(D) UNHCR
Answer: (B)

Which nutrient causes eutrophication in water bodies?
(A) Calcium
(B) Phosphorus
(C) Zinc
(D) Sodium
Answer: (B)

What does a rising Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) indicate?
(A) Water is clean
(B) Water has low oxygen
(C) Water is rich in nutrients
(D) Water is oxygen-free
Answer: (B)

Which international agency reports on climate science?
(A) IPCC
(B) WTO
(C) IMF
(D) WMO
Answer: (A)

Which island territory of India has a rich coral reef ecosystem?
(A) Andaman & Nicobar
(B) Lakshadweep
(C) Daman & Diu
(D) Minicoy
Answer: (B)

Which factor least affects biodiversity in a region?
(A) Climate stability
(B) Habitat destruction
(C) Overhunting
(D) High rainfall
Answer: (D)

Which greenhouse gas is emitted from agricultural fields?
(A) Nitrous oxide
(B) Ozone
(C) Carbon monoxide
(D) Oxygen
Answer: (A)

What is the main component of photochemical smog?
(A) Nitrogen
(B) PAN
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Ammonia
Answer: (B)

Which treaty regulates trade in endangered species?
(A) Ramsar
(B) CITES
(C) Kyoto
(D) Paris
Answer: (B)

Which of these pollutants is responsible for blue baby syndrome?
(A) Mercury
(B) Arsenic
(C) Nitrates
(D) Lead
Answer: (C)

Which method is best for restoring degraded lands?
(A) Shifting cultivation
(B) Afforestation
(C) Monoculture
(D) Deforestation
Answer: (B)

Which is India’s first marine national park?
(A) Gulf of Mannar
(B) Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
(C) Sunderbans
(D) Rani Jhansi Marine Park
Answer: (B)

Which of the following causes desertification?
(A) Mulching
(B) Crop rotation
(C) Overgrazing
(D) Drip irrigation
Answer: (C)

Which of the following is a major GHG from livestock?
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Methane
(C) Nitrous oxide
(D) Ammonia
Answer: (B)

Which process is involved in the nitrogen cycle?
(A) Combustion
(B) Denitrification
(C) Precipitation
(D) Carbonation
Answer: (B)

Which tree species is used for social forestry in dry regions?
(A) Teak
(B) Eucalyptus
(C) Prosopis juliflora
(D) Sal
Answer: (C)

Which layer of the Earth contains all living organisms?
(A) Lithosphere
(B) Atmosphere
(C) Biosphere
(D) Hydrosphere
Answer: (C)

Which of the following is a cold desert?
(A) Sahara
(B) Thar
(C) Ladakh
(D) Kalahari
Answer: (C)

Which of the following is a carbon-neutral activity?
(A) Driving petrol cars
(B) Burning coal
(C) Planting trees
(D) Flying jets
Answer: (C)

Which ecosystem has the lowest net productivity?
(A) Estuary
(B) Tundra
(C) Rainforest
(D) Coral reef
Answer: (B)

Which of the following is a high-altitude lake?
(A) Chilika
(B) Loktak
(C) Pangong Tso
(D) Vembanad
Answer: (C)

Which type of biodiversity refers to variation in genes?
(A) Ecosystem diversity
(B) Genetic diversity
(C) Species diversity
(D) Functional diversity
Answer: (B)

Which organization publishes the Global Biodiversity Outlook?
(A) WWF
(B) IUCN
(C) CBD Secretariat
(D) UNEP
Answer: (C)

Which conservation approach focuses on landscapes and ecosystems?
(A) Species-specific
(B) In-situ
(C) Community-based
(D) Ecosystem-based
Answer: (D)

Which term refers to species facing a high risk of extinction in the wild?
(A) Vulnerable
(B) Near Threatened
(C) Endangered
(D) Least Concern
Answer: (C)

Which river in India is legally declared a living entity?
(A) Yamuna
(B) Ganga
(C) Narmada
(D) Brahmaputra
Answer: (B)

Which country leads in wind energy production?
(A) India
(B) USA
(C) Germany
(D) China
Answer: (D)

Which of the following is not a biotic factor?
(A) Bacteria
(B) Sunlight
(C) Plants
(D) Animals
Answer: (B)

Which technique helps in soil moisture retention?
(A) Surface irrigation
(B) Mulching
(C) Overgrazing
(D) Ploughing
Answer: (B)

Which of the following gases does NOT cause acid rain?
(A) Nitrogen oxides
(B) Sulfur dioxide
(C) Ammonia
(D) Carbon monoxide
Answer: (D)

Which term describes an ecosystem with little rainfall and sparse vegetation?
(A) Grassland
(B) Tundra
(C) Desert
(D) Rainforest
Answer: (C)

Which of the following is a “charismatic species”?
(A) Elephant
(B) Ant
(C) Earthworm
(D) Lichen
Answer: (A)

Which Indian river has dolphin reserves?
(A) Godavari
(B) Ganga
(C) Narmada
(D) Kaveri
Answer: (B)

Which animal is known as an ecosystem engineer?
(A) Beaver
(B) Crow
(C) Leopard
(D) Snake
Answer: (A)

Which of the following is an extinct species?
(A) Dodo
(B) Panda
(C) Kangaroo
(D) Tiger
Answer: (A)

Which cycle includes evaporation and precipitation?
(A) Nitrogen cycle
(B) Water cycle
(C) Carbon cycle
(D) Oxygen cycle
Answer: (B)

Which environmental phenomenon is linked with heavy rainfall in India?
(A) La Niña
(B) El Niño
(C) Albedo
(D) Cyclones
Answer: (A)

Which of these is the most energy-efficient transport mode?
(A) Cars
(B) Railways
(C) Airplanes
(D) Trucks
Answer: (B)

Which Indian project focuses on water conservation through check dams and afforestation?
(A) Namami Gange
(B) Jal Shakti Abhiyan
(C) Swachh Bharat
(D) Mission Kakatiya
Answer: (B)

Which of the following best defines climate neutrality?
(A) No pollution
(B) Zero carbon emissions
(C) Balance between emissions and absorption
(D) Using only renewable energy
Answer: (C)

Which of these instruments measures rainfall?
(A) Thermometer
(B) Anemometer
(C) Rain gauge
(D) Barometer
Answer: (C)

Which Indian biosphere reserve is home to the snow leopard?
(A) Nanda Devi
(B) Sunderbans
(C) Gulf of Mannar
(D) Nilgiri
Answer: (A)

Which of the following is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)?
(A) Reduce Biodiversity
(B) Promote Clean Energy
(C) Increase Urbanization
(D) Endangered Species Trade
Answer: (B)