Complete Environment & Ecology MCQs for UPSC, PSC and SSC(Part-2)

  1. Which of the following is an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
    (A) Plants
    (B) Animals
    (C) Bacteria
    (D) Sunlight
    Answer: (D)
  2. Which environmental disaster is associated with the Union Carbide plant?
    (A) Chernobyl
    (B) Fukushima
    (C) Bhopal Gas Tragedy
    (D) Minamata
    Answer: (C)
  3. What is the full form of IPCC?
    (A) International Panel for Climate Control
    (B) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    (C) International Protocol on Climate Change
    (D) Indian Panel on Climate Control
    Answer: (B)
  4. Which Indian ministry handles environmental protection?
    (A) Ministry of Health
    (B) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
    (C) Ministry of Science and Technology
    (D) Ministry of Water Resources
    Answer: (B)
  5. Which plant is known as a bioindicator of air pollution?
    (A) Mango
    (B) Banyan
    (C) Lichen
    (D) Neem
    Answer: (C)
  6. The tiger is an example of which trophic level?
    (A) Producer
    (B) Primary consumer
    (C) Secondary consumer
    (D) Tertiary consumer
    Answer: (D)
  7. Which of these is a greenhouse gas emitted by livestock?
    (A) Carbon dioxide
    (B) Nitrous oxide
    (C) Methane
    (D) Oxygen
    Answer: (C)
  8. Which of the following is not a primary pollutant?
    (A) SO2
    (B) CO
    (C) Ozone
    (D) NO
    Answer: (C)
  9. Which act provides for the conservation of biodiversity in India?
    (A) EPA, 1986
    (B) Biodiversity Act, 2002
    (C) Forest Act, 1927
    (D) Wildlife Act, 1972
    Answer: (B)
  10. Which one of the following is a major cause of land degradation?
    (A) Mining
    (B) Afforestation
    (C) Rainwater harvesting
    (D) Organic farming
    Answer: (A)
  11. The term “Agenda 21” refers to –
    (A) 21 points to protect wildlife
    (B) UN action plan for sustainable development
    (C) Paris climate commitments
    (D) Treaty to stop global warming
    Answer: (B)
  12. What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
    (A) Produce food
    (B) Convert solar energy
    (C) Break down dead organisms
    (D) Consume plants
    Answer: (C)
  13. Which of the following is a water-borne disease?
    (A) Tuberculosis
    (B) Cholera
    (C) Asthma
    (D) Dengue
    Answer: (B)
  14. Which Indian river is most polluted?
    (A) Yamuna
    (B) Narmada
    (C) Godavari
    (D) Mahanadi
    Answer: (A)
  15. Which program was launched to conserve the Western Ghats?
    (A) Nilgiri Biosphere Programme
    (B) Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel
    (C) National Green Mission
    (D) Project Elephant
    Answer: (B)
  16. Which element causes Itai-Itai disease?
    (A) Lead
    (B) Cadmium
    (C) Arsenic
    (D) Mercury
    Answer: (B)
  17. Which of the following gases is released from landfills?
    (A) Oxygen
    (B) Hydrogen
    (C) Methane
    (D) Nitrogen
    Answer: (C)
  18. Which one is a non-conventional energy source?
    (A) Coal
    (B) Oil
    (C) Solar
    (D) Natural gas
    Answer: (C)
  19. Which project is related to water conservation?
    (A) Project Tiger
    (B) Project Elephant
    (C) Jal Shakti Abhiyan
    (D) Green India Mission
    Answer: (C)
  20. Which Indian city is the first to implement a climate action plan?
    (A) Mumbai
    (B) Chennai
    (C) Ahmedabad
    (D) Bengaluru
    Answer: (C)
  21. The term ‘bioaccumulation’ refers to –
    (A) Use of biofertilizers
    (B) Accumulation of toxins in an organism
    (C) Increase of biodiversity
    (D) Use of organic manure
    Answer: (B)
  22. Which international agreement aims to reduce carbon emissions?
    (A) Cartagena Protocol
    (B) Kyoto Protocol
    (C) Basel Convention
    (D) Washington Agreement
    Answer: (B)
  23. Which tree is known as the “Tree of Life”?
    (A) Banyan
    (B) Neem
    (C) Coconut
    (D) Peepal
    Answer: (C)
  24. Which species is the national aquatic animal of India?
    (A) Blue whale
    (B) Ganges river dolphin
    (C) Dugong
    (D) Otter
    Answer: (B)
  25. Which Indian lake is a Ramsar wetland site and largest brackish water lagoon?
    (A) Vembanad
    (B) Chilika
    (C) Loktak
    (D) Sambhar
    Answer: (B)
  26. What does the “Greenhouse Effect” result in?
    (A) Cooling of the Earth
    (B) Ozone depletion
    (C) Global warming
    (D) Acid rain
    Answer: (C)
  27. Which national park is famous for one-horned rhinoceros?
    (A) Kaziranga
    (B) Kanha
    (C) Corbett
    (D) Nagarhole
    Answer: (A)
  28. Which of the following is a desert plant adapted to store water?
    (A) Banyan
    (B) Cactus
    (C) Oak
    (D) Rose
    Answer: (B)
  29. Which state has the highest number of national parks in India?
    (A) Madhya Pradesh
    (B) Assam
    (C) Gujarat
    (D) Karnataka
    Answer: (A)
  30. The term ‘ecotone’ refers to –
    (A) Pollution level in an ecosystem
    (B) A transition area between two ecosystems
    (C) A degraded ecosystem
    (D) A marine ecosystem
    Answer: (B)
  31. What is the purpose of the Forest Rights Act?
    (A) Protect wildlife
    (B) Grant forest land rights to tribal communities
    (C) Promote forest tourism
    (D) Prevent pollution
    Answer: (B)
  32. Which of these is not a component of sustainable development?
    (A) Economic development
    (B) Social equity
    (C) Environmental protection
    (D) Industrial exploitation
    Answer: (D)
  33. Which of the following is an example of in-situ conservation?
    (A) Botanical garden
    (B) Zoo
    (C) National Park
    (D) Seed bank
    Answer: (C)
  34. India State of Forest Report is published by –
    (A) MoEFCC
    (B) CPCB
    (C) FSI
    (D) ICFRE
    Answer: (C)
  35. Which gas is primarily responsible for depletion of ozone?
    (A) CO2
    (B) CFC
    (C) CH4
    (D) SO2
    Answer: (B)
  36. Which Indian river has been declared a living entity?
    (A) Ganga
    (B) Yamuna
    (C) Brahmaputra
    (D) Kaveri
    Answer: (A)
  37. Which is the first country to ban fossil fuel vehicles?
    (A) Norway
    (B) Sweden
    (C) China
    (D) USA
    Answer: (A)
  38. Which component of air varies with altitude?
    (A) Nitrogen
    (B) Oxygen
    (C) Water vapor
    (D) Argon
    Answer: (C)
  39. Which is not an effect of deforestation?
    (A) Soil erosion
    (B) Desertification
    (C) Biodiversity loss
    (D) Ozone layer recovery
    Answer: (D)
  40. Which of these is a carbon sink?
    (A) Factory
    (B) Ocean
    (C) Airplane
    (D) Volcano
    Answer: (B)
  41. Which term refers to the variety of genes within a species?
    (A) Ecosystem diversity
    (B) Genetic diversity
    (C) Species diversity
    (D) Functional diversity
    Answer: (B)
  42. What is meant by ‘zero emission’?
    (A) Producing electricity without waste
    (B) No harmful gases released into the air
    (C) Total recycling
    (D) No carbon monoxide released
    Answer: (B)
  43. The Earth Summit was held in –
    (A) Kyoto
    (B) Montreal
    (C) Rio de Janeiro
    (D) Paris
    Answer: (C)
  44. Which of the following is not a cause of water pollution?
    (A) Oil spill
    (B) Thermal pollution
    (C) Noise pollution
    (D) Chemical effluents
    Answer: (C)
  45. What is the name of India’s climate change mission?
    (A) India Climate Initiative
    (B) National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
    (C) India Green Deal
    (D) Bharat Climate Programme
    Answer: (B)
  46. Which act provides for environmental clearance in India?
    (A) Air Act
    (B) Water Act
    (C) EPA, 1986
    (D) Forest Act
    Answer: (C)
  47. Which of these is a convention on endangered species?
    (A) Ramsar
    (B) CITES
    (C) CBD
    (D) IUCN
    Answer: (B)
  48. What is the major source of freshwater on Earth?
    (A) Rivers
    (B) Lakes
    (C) Glaciers
    (D) Groundwater
    Answer: (C)
  49. Which is not a greenhouse gas?
    (A) Methane
    (B) CO2
    (C) Water vapor
    (D) Hydrogen
    Answer: (D)
  50. Which of the following days is celebrated as Earth Day?
    (A) April 22
    (B) June 5
    (C) March 22
    (D) October 2
    Answer: (A)

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