Complete Environment & Ecology MCQs for UPSC, PSC and SSC(Part-4)

  1. Which among the following is a biodegradable pollutant?
    (A) Plastic
    (B) Aluminum
    (C) DDT
    (D) Paper
    Answer: (D)
  2. The major cause of ozone depletion is –
    (A) Carbon dioxide
    (B) Methane
    (C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
    (D) Sulfur dioxide
    Answer: (C)
  3. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was signed at –
    (A) Kyoto
    (B) Paris
    (C) Rio de Janeiro
    (D) Stockholm
    Answer: (C)
  4. Which is the first national park established in India?
    (A) Kanha
    (B) Bandipur
    (C) Corbett
    (D) Gir
    Answer: (C)
  5. Which phenomenon causes the warming of the Pacific Ocean waters?
    (A) El Niño
    (B) La Niña
    (C) Albedo
    (D) Salinity
    Answer: (A)
  6. The term “Albedo” refers to –
    (A) Absorption of heat
    (B) Reflection of solar radiation
    (C) Emission of infrared rays
    (D) Ozone formation
    Answer: (B)
  7. Which of these is an example of a point source of pollution?
    (A) Automobile emission
    (B) Agricultural runoff
    (C) Industrial discharge pipe
    (D) Deforestation
    Answer: (C)
  8. Which gas causes the greenhouse effect in the largest quantity?
    (A) Carbon dioxide
    (B) Methane
    (C) Ozone
    (D) Nitrous oxide
    Answer: (A)
  9. Which of the following is NOT a type of biodiversity?
    (A) Genetic
    (B) Ecosystem
    (C) Cultural
    (D) Species
    Answer: (C)
  10. Which of the following species is critically endangered?
    (A) Tiger
    (B) Asiatic Lion
    (C) Great Indian Bustard
    (D) Nilgai
    Answer: (C)
  11. What is the main cause of coral bleaching?
    (A) Overfishing
    (B) Rising ocean temperatures
    (C) Increased salinity
    (D) Ocean acidification
    Answer: (B)
  12. Which gas is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs?
    (A) Hydrogen Sulphide
    (B) Methane
    (C) Ammonia
    (D) Sulfur dioxide
    Answer: (A)
  13. Which one is not a natural cause of climate change?
    (A) Volcanic eruption
    (B) Solar radiation changes
    (C) Fossil fuel combustion
    (D) Ocean currents
    Answer: (C)
  14. Which of the following countries emits the most carbon dioxide currently?
    (A) USA
    (B) China
    (C) Russia
    (D) India
    Answer: (B)
  15. What is the major pollutant in vehicle exhaust?
    (A) Ozone
    (B) Carbon monoxide
    (C) Ammonia
    (D) Sulfur dioxide
    Answer: (B)
  16. Which organization publishes ‘World Energy Outlook’?
    (A) UNEP
    (B) IEA
    (C) WWF
    (D) IUCN
    Answer: (B)
  17. Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource?
    (A) Biomass
    (B) Solar
    (C) Wind
    (D) Coal
    Answer: (D)
  18. The BOD test measures –
    (A) Pollution from radioactive substances
    (B) Biodegradable organic matter in water
    (C) Level of suspended particles
    (D) Level of oxygen dissolved
    Answer: (B)
  19. The term ‘Cryosphere’ is related to –
    (A) Forest
    (B) Ice-covered regions
    (C) Desert
    (D) Oceans
    Answer: (B)
  20. Which of the following is known as the “lungs of the Earth”?
    (A) Forests
    (B) Oceans
    (C) Rivers
    (D) Mountains
    Answer: (A)
  21. Which country hosted COP26 in 2021?
    (A) France
    (B) United Kingdom
    (C) USA
    (D) Spain
    Answer: (B)
  22. Which Indian river is considered sacred and is now highly polluted?
    (A) Yamuna
    (B) Godavari
    (C) Ganga
    (D) Krishna
    Answer: (C)
  23. Which of the following produces oxygen in the ocean?
    (A) Fish
    (B) Planktons
    (C) Coral
    (D) Crabs
    Answer: (B)
  24. Which gas is most abundant in the Earth’s atmosphere?
    (A) Oxygen
    (B) Carbon dioxide
    (C) Nitrogen
    (D) Hydrogen
    Answer: (C)
  25. Which is the deepest oceanic trench?
    (A) Sunda Trench
    (B) Mariana Trench
    (C) Java Trench
    (D) Aleutian Trench
    Answer: (B)
  26. Which of the following is NOT a Ramsar site in India?
    (A) Wular Lake
    (B) Ashtamudi Lake
    (C) Chilika Lake
    (D) Dal Lake
    Answer: (D)
  27. What is the primary source of energy for Earth’s ecosystem?
    (A) Wind
    (B) Solar
    (C) Geothermal
    (D) Water
    Answer: (B)
  28. Which of these best defines ‘carbon footprint’?
    (A) Total greenhouse gases emitted by an individual or organization
    (B) Size of land required to sustain an individual
    (C) Biodiversity loss by a company
    (D) Pollution by agriculture
    Answer: (A)
  29. Which program is known as ‘Green Nobel’ for environmental activism?
    (A) Global 500 Award
    (B) Goldman Environmental Prize
    (C) UNEP Global Prize
    (D) Earth Hero Award
    Answer: (B)
  30. Which of these practices helps in water conservation?
    (A) Slash and burn agriculture
    (B) Rainwater harvesting
    (C) Overgrazing
    (D) Deforestation
    Answer: (B)
  31. The term ‘Rewilding’ refers to –
    (A) Creating new zoos
    (B) Restoring ecosystems to their natural state
    (C) Exporting wildlife
    (D) Mining in forest areas
    Answer: (B)
  32. Which layer absorbs UV rays from the sun?
    (A) Troposphere
    (B) Stratosphere
    (C) Mesosphere
    (D) Thermosphere
    Answer: (B)
  33. Which of the following is considered the most sustainable energy source?
    (A) Oil
    (B) Coal
    (C) Solar
    (D) Natural Gas
    Answer: (C)
  34. The ‘Ganga Action Plan’ was launched in which year?
    (A) 1985
    (B) 1990
    (C) 1980
    (D) 1975
    Answer: (A)
  35. Which of the following forests is called ‘monsoon forest’?
    (A) Tropical evergreen forest
    (B) Tropical deciduous forest
    (C) Temperate coniferous forest
    (D) Desert forest
    Answer: (B)
  36. In an ecosystem, which group directly uses solar energy?
    (A) Carnivores
    (B) Herbivores
    (C) Decomposers
    (D) Producers
    Answer: (D)
  37. Which national park is famous for the Asiatic lions?
    (A) Gir
    (B) Kaziranga
    (C) Ranthambore
    (D) Kanha
    Answer: (A)
  38. Which Indian city is the first to run 100% on renewable energy?
    (A) Chennai
    (B) Surat
    (C) Diu
    (D) Mysuru
    Answer: (C)
  39. Which act in India controls noise pollution?
    (A) Air Act
    (B) Water Act
    (C) EPA, 1986
    (D) Noise Pollution Rules, 2000
    Answer: (D)
  40. Which summit led to the creation of Agenda 21?
    (A) Kyoto Protocol
    (B) Rio Earth Summit
    (C) Montreal Protocol
    (D) Paris Agreement
    Answer: (B)
  41. The method of growing plants without soil is called –
    (A) Afforestation
    (B) Hydroponics
    (C) Horticulture
    (D) Vermiculture
    Answer: (B)
  42. Which is the largest desert in the world?
    (A) Gobi
    (B) Kalahari
    (C) Thar
    (D) Sahara
    Answer: (D)
  43. Which of the following is a function of the biosphere?
    (A) Production of soil
    (B) Recycling of nutrients
    (C) Creation of minerals
    (D) Formation of rocks
    Answer: (B)
  44. Which layer of the atmosphere experiences auroras?
    (A) Troposphere
    (B) Stratosphere
    (C) Mesosphere
    (D) Thermosphere
    Answer: (D)
  45. Which of these animals is NOT found in the Arctic region?
    (A) Polar bear
    (B) Reindeer
    (C) Penguin
    (D) Arctic fox
    Answer: (C)
  46. Which organization publishes the Emission Gap Report?
    (A) IPCC
    (B) UNEP
    (C) IEA
    (D) WHO
    Answer: (B)
  47. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?
    (A) Carbon monoxide
    (B) Ozone
    (C) Nitric oxide
    (D) Sulfur dioxide
    Answer: (B)
  48. Which is the largest coral reef system in the world?
    (A) Belize Barrier Reef
    (B) Great Barrier Reef
    (C) Red Sea Coral Reef
    (D) New Caledonia Barrier Reef
    Answer: (B)
  49. Which of the following is not an invasive species in India?
    (A) Lantana
    (B) Water hyacinth
    (C) Nilgiri Tahr
    (D) Parthenium
    Answer: (C)
  50. Which country launched the “Green Wall” project to combat desertification?
    (A) India
    (B) Australia
    (C) China
    (D) Brazil
    Answer: (C)

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