Complete Environment & Ecology MCQs for UPSC, PSC and SSC(Part-6)

  1. Which of the following is the biggest source of freshwater?
    (A) Rivers
    (B) Glaciers
    (C) Lakes
    (D) Groundwater
    Answer: (B)
  2. Which of the following pollutants is responsible for photochemical smog?
    (A) Sulfur dioxide
    (B) Carbon monoxide
    (C) Nitrogen oxides
    (D) Methane
    Answer: (C)
  3. What is the main pollutant from burning coal?
    (A) Nitrogen dioxide
    (B) Sulfur dioxide
    (C) Carbon dioxide
    (D) Methane
    Answer: (B)
  4. Which zone of the ocean is the deepest?
    (A) Bathyal zone
    (B) Abyssal zone
    (C) Neritic zone
    (D) Littoral zone
    Answer: (B)
  5. Which country has the largest mangrove forest cover?
    (A) Indonesia
    (B) India
    (C) Bangladesh
    (D) Brazil
    Answer: (C)
  6. Which of the following energy sources has the least carbon footprint?
    (A) Coal
    (B) Oil
    (C) Solar
    (D) Natural Gas
    Answer: (C)
  7. What is the process of growing plants using nutrient-rich water without soil?
    (A) Hydrology
    (B) Hydroponics
    (C) Aquaponics
    (D) Aeroponics
    Answer: (B)
  8. Which of the following best describes a ‘hotspot’ of biodiversity?
    (A) Area rich in minerals
    (B) Area rich in species diversity
    (C) Desert region
    (D) Cold region
    Answer: (B)
  9. Which of the following is a common example of an alien species in India?
    (A) Peepal
    (B) Nilgiri Tahr
    (C) Lantana camara
    (D) Indian Bison
    Answer: (C)
  10. Which of these forests has maximum biodiversity?
    (A) Deciduous Forest
    (B) Coniferous Forest
    (C) Tropical Rainforest
    (D) Mangrove Forest
    Answer: (C)
  11. What is meant by “carbon sequestration”?
    (A) Increase of carbon dioxide
    (B) Removal and storage of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
    (C) Release of carbon monoxide
    (D) Recycling of carbon
    Answer: (B)
  12. The Lion-tailed Macaque is endemic to which region?
    (A) Western Ghats
    (B) Eastern Himalayas
    (C) Andaman Islands
    (D) Thar Desert
    Answer: (A)
  13. Which environmental disaster is associated with mercury poisoning?
    (A) Chernobyl Disaster
    (B) Minamata Tragedy
    (C) Bhopal Gas Tragedy
    (D) Seveso Disaster
    Answer: (B)
  14. Which process results in the formation of fossil fuels?
    (A) Photosynthesis
    (B) Decomposition
    (C) Fermentation
    (D) Fossilization
    Answer: (D)
  15. Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship?
    (A) Lion and deer
    (B) Algae and fungi in lichen
    (C) Tiger and deer
    (D) Hawk and mouse
    Answer: (B)
  16. Which of the following contributes to the formation of acid rain?
    (A) Chlorofluorocarbons
    (B) Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide
    (C) Carbon dioxide and methane
    (D) Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
    Answer: (B)
  17. Which is the world’s largest ecosystem?
    (A) Forest
    (B) Desert
    (C) Ocean
    (D) Grassland
    Answer: (C)
  18. Which greenhouse gas has the highest global warming potential?
    (A) CO2
    (B) Methane
    (C) CFCs
    (D) Ozone
    Answer: (C)
  19. Which of the following is a method to reduce soil erosion?
    (A) Deforestation
    (B) Overgrazing
    (C) Contour plowing
    (D) Monoculture
    Answer: (C)
  20. Which of the following is the main component of biogas?
    (A) Carbon dioxide
    (B) Methane
    (C) Hydrogen
    (D) Nitrogen
    Answer: (B)
  21. Which country hosted COP21 where the Paris Agreement was signed?
    (A) Germany
    (B) USA
    (C) France
    (D) Brazil
    Answer: (C)
  22. Which act deals with coastal zone management in India?
    (A) Air Act
    (B) Water Act
    (C) Environment Protection Act
    (D) Coastal Regulation Zone Notification
    Answer: (D)
  23. Which of these is the most harmful for aquatic life when dissolved in water?
    (A) Oxygen
    (B) Carbon dioxide
    (C) Nitrogen
    (D) Mercury
    Answer: (D)
  24. Which Indian national park is famous for its rhinos?
    (A) Manas
    (B) Kaziranga
    (C) Periyar
    (D) Bandipur
    Answer: (B)
  25. Which is the only ape species found in India?
    (A) Chimpanzee
    (B) Hoolock Gibbon
    (C) Orangutan
    (D) Gorilla
    Answer: (B)
  26. Which region is most affected by ozone depletion?
    (A) Arctic region
    (B) Antarctic region
    (C) Equatorial region
    (D) Tropical forests
    Answer: (B)
  27. Which of the following is the best strategy for conservation of biodiversity?
    (A) Wildlife Safari
    (B) Creating Biosphere Reserves
    (C) Captive breeding
    (D) Zoos
    Answer: (B)
  28. Which of the following contributes to coral bleaching?
    (A) Decrease in temperature
    (B) Increase in temperature
    (C) Salinity decrease
    (D) Increase in nutrients
    Answer: (B)
  29. Which of these is considered a keystone species in many ecosystems?
    (A) Fungi
    (B) Wolves
    (C) Deers
    (D) Insects
    Answer: (B)
  30. Which Indian organization monitors air quality in cities?
    (A) CPCB
    (B) FSI
    (C) IUCN
    (D) IPCC
    Answer: (A)
  31. Which of the following is considered a ‘carbon sink’?
    (A) Industries
    (B) Oceans
    (C) Volcanoes
    (D) Deserts
    Answer: (B)
  32. The layer which contains most weather phenomena is –
    (A) Mesosphere
    (B) Thermosphere
    (C) Troposphere
    (D) Stratosphere
    Answer: (C)
  33. Which animal is the national aquatic animal of India?
    (A) Whale
    (B) Dugong
    (C) River Dolphin
    (D) Sea Horse
    Answer: (C)
  34. Which of these human activities leads to deforestation?
    (A) Terrace farming
    (B) Selective cutting
    (C) Mining
    (D) Shifting cultivation
    Answer: (C)
  35. Which is a direct result of deforestation?
    (A) Increased biodiversity
    (B) Soil erosion
    (C) Decreased desertification
    (D) Less carbon dioxide
    Answer: (B)
  36. Which of these energy sources has the highest energy yield per unit mass?
    (A) Solar
    (B) Coal
    (C) Nuclear
    (D) Wind
    Answer: (C)
  37. Which of these is an example of an endangered species in India?
    (A) Peacock
    (B) Tiger
    (C) Rabbit
    (D) Sparrow
    Answer: (B)
  38. The ‘Blue Planet’ is a name given to –
    (A) Venus
    (B) Mars
    (C) Earth
    (D) Mercury
    Answer: (C)
  39. Which of the following is responsible for groundwater pollution?
    (A) Rock weathering
    (B) Acid rain
    (C) Fertilizer leaching
    (D) Wind erosion
    Answer: (C)
  40. Which species are considered ‘invasive’ in India?
    (A) Peepal Tree
    (B) Lantana camara
    (C) Indian Bison
    (D) Langur
    Answer: (B)
  41. Which Indian lake is the largest freshwater lake?
    (A) Loktak
    (B) Chilika
    (C) Sambhar
    (D) Wular
    Answer: (D)
  42. Which of the following gases is responsible for global warming but not regulated under the Kyoto Protocol?
    (A) Carbon dioxide
    (B) Methane
    (C) Water vapor
    (D) Nitrous oxide
    Answer: (C)
  43. Which of these is an important primary producer in aquatic ecosystems?
    (A) Zooplankton
    (B) Phytoplankton
    (C) Fish
    (D) Crabs
    Answer: (B)
  44. Which UN convention focuses on climate change?
    (A) CBD
    (B) UNFCCC
    (C) CITES
    (D) CMS
    Answer: (B)
  45. Which of these is NOT a consequence of global warming?
    (A) Melting glaciers
    (B) Decrease in sea level
    (C) Coral bleaching
    (D) More frequent heat waves
    Answer: (B)
  46. Which chemical is banned under the Stockholm Convention?
    (A) Carbon dioxide
    (B) DDT
    (C) Sulfur dioxide
    (D) Ammonia
    Answer: (B)
  47. Which energy source is associated with geothermal plants?
    (A) Wind
    (B) Tidal
    (C) Heat from the Earth’s interior
    (D) Sunlight
    Answer: (C)
  48. Which of these terms refers to planting trees in a barren land?
    (A) Deforestation
    (B) Agroforestry
    (C) Afforestation
    (D) Desertification
    Answer: (C)
  49. Which Indian state is known for its sacred groves conservation?
    (A) Rajasthan
    (B) Kerala
    (C) Meghalaya
    (D) Punjab
    Answer: (C)
  50. Which international body manages the REDD+ programme for forest conservation?
    (A) IUCN
    (B) UNFCCC
    (C) UNEP
    (D) WWF
    Answer: (B)

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