Which of the following ecosystems has the highest primary productivity? (A) Desert (B) Tropical rainforest (C) Tundra (D) Grassland Answer: (B)
Which cycle involves the movement of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms? (A) Nitrogen cycle (B) Carbon cycle (C) Water cycle (D) Phosphorus cycle Answer: (B)
Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution? (A) Sewage treatment plant (B) Industrial discharge pipe (C) Urban runoff (D) Oil spill from a ship Answer: (C)
Which atmospheric layer is ideal for radio communication? (A) Troposphere (B) Stratosphere (C) Mesosphere (D) Ionosphere Answer: (D)
Which of the following types of biodiversity represents the variety of ecosystems in a region? (A) Genetic diversity (B) Species diversity (C) Ecosystem diversity (D) Molecular diversity Answer: (C)
Which international treaty aims to protect endangered plants and animals? (A) CITES (B) CBD (C) UNFCCC (D) Basel Convention Answer: (A)
Which species is used as a bioindicator of water pollution? (A) Peacock (B) Algae (C) Frog (D) Deer Answer: (C)
Which of the following is an example of overexploitation leading to extinction? (A) Passenger pigeon (B) Panda (C) Blue whale (D) Kangaroo Answer: (A)
The gradual increase in the Earth’s average temperature is known as – (A) Greenhouse effect (B) Global warming (C) Ozone depletion (D) Acidification Answer: (B)
Which Indian state has the largest forest cover by area? (A) Arunachal Pradesh (B) Madhya Pradesh (C) Maharashtra (D) Odisha Answer: (B)
Which international agreement restricts hazardous waste movement across countries? (A) Basel Convention (B) Montreal Protocol (C) Kyoto Protocol (D) Paris Agreement Answer: (A)
What does “Anthropogenic” mean in environmental studies? (A) Natural (B) Man-made (C) Biological (D) Geological Answer: (B)
The phenomenon where warm surface water is replaced by cold nutrient-rich water is called – (A) El Niño (B) La Niña (C) Upwelling (D) Downwelling Answer: (C)
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas emitted by rice fields? (A) Carbon monoxide (B) Nitrous oxide (C) Methane (D) Hydrogen Answer: (C)
Which organization awards the “Champions of the Earth” award? (A) UNEP (B) UNDP (C) UNFCCC (D) UNESCO Answer: (A)
Which Indian sanctuary is famous for Asiatic lions? (A) Gir National Park (B) Sunderbans (C) Kanha National Park (D) Jim Corbett Park Answer: (A)
Which factor affects the carrying capacity of an ecosystem? (A) Birth rate (B) Death rate (C) Resource availability (D) Migration Answer: (C)
What is the main purpose of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)? (A) Increase industrial output (B) Predict environmental consequences (C) Promote urbanization (D) Build dams Answer: (B)
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel? (A) Natural gas (B) Petroleum (C) Uranium (D) Coal Answer: (C)
Which gas has the highest global warming potential (GWP)? (A) Methane (B) Nitrous oxide (C) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) (D) Carbon dioxide Answer: (C)
Which is the largest river delta in the world? (A) Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta (B) Amazon Delta (C) Nile Delta (D) Mississippi Delta Answer: (A)
Which forest type acts as a carbon sink by absorbing maximum CO2? (A) Tropical rainforest (B) Temperate forest (C) Mangrove forest (D) Coniferous forest Answer: (A)
Which pollutant is primarily responsible for eutrophication? (A) Phosphates (B) Sulphur dioxide (C) Carbon dioxide (D) Methane Answer: (A)
Which method is used to combat desertification? (A) Mulching (B) Deforestation (C) Slash and burn (D) Irrigation Answer: (A)
Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem? (A) Coral reef (B) River (C) Pond (D) Grassland Answer: (D)
Which of the following is a Ramsar Site in India? (A) Nanda Devi (B) Chilika Lake (C) Valley of Flowers (D) Jim Corbett Answer: (B)
Which environmental movement began in 1973 in India? (A) Narmada Bachao Andolan (B) Save Silent Valley (C) Chipko Movement (D) Appiko Movement Answer: (C)
Which international treaty is aimed at the conservation of wetlands? (A) Basel Convention (B) Ramsar Convention (C) Kyoto Protocol (D) Montreal Protocol Answer: (B)
Which of the following causes noise pollution? (A) Plastic waste (B) Heavy traffic (C) Acid rain (D) Ozone depletion Answer: (B)
Which natural phenomenon leads to loss of topsoil? (A) Soil erosion (B) Landslides (C) Volcanoes (D) Tectonic activity Answer: (A)
Which energy resource is classified as non-renewable? (A) Solar (B) Wind (C) Coal (D) Biomass Answer: (C)
Which country is most affected by coral bleaching in the Great Barrier Reef? (A) India (B) Australia (C) Japan (D) Brazil Answer: (B)
Which organization manages the World Heritage Sites? (A) UNEP (B) UNFCCC (C) UNESCO (D) WHO Answer: (C)
Which of the following is an ex-situ conservation strategy? (A) National Park (B) Wildlife Sanctuary (C) Botanical Garden (D) Biosphere Reserve Answer: (C)
Which aquatic ecosystem is known for high biodiversity? (A) River (B) Lake (C) Pond (D) Coral reef Answer: (D)
Which type of energy is generated from tides? (A) Biomass energy (B) Tidal energy (C) Geothermal energy (D) Solar energy Answer: (B)
The instrument to measure noise pollution is – (A) Seismometer (B) Hydrometer (C) Sound level meter (D) Thermometer Answer: (C)
Which of these can cause “thermal pollution” in water bodies? (A) Deforestation (B) Industrial discharge (C) Agricultural runoff (D) Sewage disposal Answer: (B)
Which natural disaster is caused mainly due to underwater earthquakes? (A) Tsunami (B) Hurricane (C) Tornado (D) Flood Answer: (A)
Which forest type is predominant in the Himalayas? (A) Mangrove (B) Alpine (C) Tropical deciduous (D) Tropical rainforest Answer: (B)
Which practice is most harmful for coral reefs? (A) Sustainable fishing (B) Coral mining (C) Eco-tourism (D) Protected areas Answer: (B)
Which of these gases is used as a refrigerant but harms the ozone layer? (A) Methane (B) CFCs (C) Nitrous oxide (D) Carbon dioxide Answer: (B)
The primary producers in oceans are – (A) Zooplanktons (B) Phytoplanktons (C) Jellyfish (D) Sharks Answer: (B)
Which of these countries has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060? (A) USA (B) India (C) China (D) Australia Answer: (C)
Which is the world’s largest desert (non-polar)? (A) Gobi Desert (B) Kalahari Desert (C) Thar Desert (D) Sahara Desert Answer: (D)
Which act in India provides for the protection of environment? (A) Air Act (B) Environment Protection Act, 1986 (C) Water Act (D) Wildlife Protection Act Answer: (B)
Which gas is used in the process of photosynthesis? (A) Oxygen (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Nitrogen (D) Methane Answer: (B)
The term “Anthropocene” is related to – (A) Geological time dominated by humans (B) Animal migration (C) Rain cycle (D) Marine food chains Answer: (A)
Which of these is an example of a pioneer species? (A) Oak (B) Lichen (C) Grass (D) Mangrove Answer: (B)
Which part of the plant helps reduce transpiration? (A) Stomata (B) Cuticle (C) Xylem (D) Phloem Answer: (B)