Complete Environment & Ecology MCQs for UPSC, PSC and SSC(Part-8)

  1. Which Indian sanctuary is famous for one-horned rhinoceroses?
    (A) Gir National Park
    (B) Kaziranga National Park
    (C) Corbett National Park
    (D) Kanha National Park
    Answer: (B)
  2. Which of the following is an example of renewable energy?
    (A) Natural gas
    (B) Wind energy
    (C) Coal
    (D) Petroleum
    Answer: (B)
  3. Which Indian festival promotes environmental awareness about rivers?
    (A) Kumbh Mela
    (B) Diwali
    (C) Holi
    (D) Dussehra
    Answer: (A)
  4. Which natural process helps to maintain the Earth’s temperature balance?
    (A) Greenhouse effect
    (B) Acid rain
    (C) Carbon footprint
    (D) Soil erosion
    Answer: (A)
  5. Which of the following is responsible for the smell of the first rain?
    (A) Methane
    (B) Geosmin
    (C) Nitrogen
    (D) Carbon dioxide
    Answer: (B)
  6. Which gas is NOT considered a greenhouse gas?
    (A) Carbon dioxide
    (B) Water vapor
    (C) Nitrogen
    (D) Methane
    Answer: (C)
  7. Which type of pollution causes diseases like emphysema and bronchitis?
    (A) Air pollution
    (B) Water pollution
    (C) Noise pollution
    (D) Soil pollution
    Answer: (A)
  8. Which of the following is an example of a keystone predator?
    (A) Rabbit
    (B) Lion
    (C) Deer
    (D) Grasshopper
    Answer: (B)
  9. The term ‘biosphere’ includes –
    (A) Land
    (B) Water
    (C) Air
    (D) All of the above
    Answer: (D)
  10. The amount of living material in an ecosystem at a given time is known as –
    (A) Productivity
    (B) Biomass
    (C) Carrying capacity
    (D) Trophic level
    Answer: (B)
  11. Which of these gases contributes most to acid rain?
    (A) Methane
    (B) Sulfur dioxide
    (C) Ozone
    (D) Hydrogen sulfide
    Answer: (B)
  12. Which pollutant can cause bone cancer?
    (A) Lead
    (B) Cadmium
    (C) Arsenic
    (D) Radon
    Answer: (D)
  13. Which of the following is the world’s largest tidal halophytic mangrove forest?
    (A) Sunderbans
    (B) Amazon Rainforest
    (C) Congo Basin
    (D) Nile Delta
    Answer: (A)
  14. Which species is called the ‘engineer of the ecosystem’?
    (A) Elephant
    (B) Tiger
    (C) Beaver
    (D) Panda
    Answer: (C)
  15. What is the major source of sulfur dioxide emissions?
    (A) Nuclear plants
    (B) Power plants burning fossil fuels
    (C) Automobiles
    (D) Agricultural fields
    Answer: (B)
  16. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
    (A) Water vapor
    (B) Methane
    (C) Oxygen
    (D) Nitrous oxide
    Answer: (C)
  17. Which of the following is NOT a type of ecological pyramid?
    (A) Pyramid of numbers
    (B) Pyramid of biomass
    (C) Pyramid of species
    (D) Pyramid of energy
    Answer: (C)
  18. Which species acts as an indicator of aquatic pollution?
    (A) Fishes
    (B) Frogs
    (C) Algae
    (D) Crabs
    Answer: (C)
  19. Which of the following is considered a primary pollutant?
    (A) Ozone
    (B) Sulfur dioxide
    (C) PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate)
    (D) Smog
    Answer: (B)
  20. Which of these is an effect of global warming?
    (A) Sea level fall
    (B) Increase in polar ice
    (C) Sea level rise
    (D) Glacial formation
    Answer: (C)
  21. Which is the main cause of groundwater depletion?
    (A) Deforestation
    (B) Over-extraction
    (C) Urbanization
    (D) Floods
    Answer: (B)
  22. Which of the following best describes biodiversity?
    (A) Number of species only
    (B) Variety of all living organisms
    (C) Number of individuals only
    (D) Variety of abiotic components
    Answer: (B)
  23. Which layer protects Earth from harmful UV rays?
    (A) Troposphere
    (B) Stratosphere
    (C) Mesosphere
    (D) Thermosphere
    Answer: (B)
  24. Which term is associated with species unique to a particular geographic region?
    (A) Indigenous
    (B) Endemic
    (C) Exotic
    (D) Alien
    Answer: (B)
  25. Which of the following is an example of a detritivore?
    (A) Cow
    (B) Earthworm
    (C) Lion
    (D) Peacock
    Answer: (B)
  26. Which of these gases is used in fire extinguishers and is also a greenhouse gas?
    (A) Oxygen
    (B) Carbon dioxide
    (C) Nitrogen
    (D) Hydrogen
    Answer: (B)
  27. Which type of agriculture is practiced mainly in the North-Eastern states of India?
    (A) Terrace farming
    (B) Shifting cultivation (Jhum)
    (C) Commercial farming
    (D) Plantation farming
    Answer: (B)
  28. Which is the most common method of disposal of municipal solid waste in India?
    (A) Incineration
    (B) Composting
    (C) Open dumping
    (D) Landfilling
    Answer: (D)
  29. Which term refers to areas that provide critical habitats for endangered species?
    (A) Ecotones
    (B) Eco-sensitive zones
    (C) Dead zones
    (D) Estuaries
    Answer: (B)
  30. Which among the following is the largest terrestrial biome?
    (A) Desert
    (B) Grassland
    (C) Taiga
    (D) Tropical Rainforest
    Answer: (C)
  31. Which gas forms acid rain when dissolved in rainwater?
    (A) Methane
    (B) Nitrogen
    (C) Sulfur dioxide
    (D) Carbon dioxide
    Answer: (C)
  32. Which of the following pollutants is a secondary pollutant?
    (A) Nitrogen dioxide
    (B) Carbon monoxide
    (C) Ozone
    (D) Sulfur dioxide
    Answer: (C)
  33. Which of the following is a major consequence of deforestation?
    (A) Increase in biodiversity
    (B) Soil erosion
    (C) Decrease in rainfall
    (D) Ozone depletion
    Answer: (B)
  34. The largest concentration of salinity in oceans is found in –
    (A) Indian Ocean
    (B) Pacific Ocean
    (C) Atlantic Ocean
    (D) Arctic Ocean
    Answer: (C)
  35. Which of these factors affects carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
    (A) Soil erosion
    (B) Availability of food and resources
    (C) Population explosion
    (D) None of the above
    Answer: (B)
  36. Which is the largest protected area in India?
    (A) Gir National Park
    (B) Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
    (C) Hemis National Park
    (D) Jim Corbett National Park
    Answer: (C)
  37. Which river is associated with the ‘Namami Gange’ project?
    (A) Yamuna
    (B) Ganga
    (C) Brahmaputra
    (D) Godavari
    Answer: (B)
  38. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of wetlands?
    (A) Waterlogged soils
    (B) Highly fertile land
    (C) Coral reefs
    (D) Presence of hydrophytic vegetation
    Answer: (C)
  39. Which Indian lake is famous for its floating islands (phumdis)?
    (A) Dal Lake
    (B) Loktak Lake
    (C) Chilika Lake
    (D) Sambhar Lake
    Answer: (B)
  40. Which layer of atmosphere contains the most ozone?
    (A) Troposphere
    (B) Stratosphere
    (C) Mesosphere
    (D) Thermosphere
    Answer: (B)
  41. The ‘Montreal Protocol’ is associated with –
    (A) Climate change
    (B) Control of greenhouse gases
    (C) Protection of ozone layer
    (D) Forest conservation
    Answer: (C)
  42. Which one is NOT a renewable source of energy?
    (A) Solar energy
    (B) Wind energy
    (C) Geothermal energy
    (D) Natural gas
    Answer: (D)
  43. The Great Indian Bustard is found mainly in which state?
    (A) Karnataka
    (B) Gujarat
    (C) Rajasthan
    (D) Assam
    Answer: (C)
  44. Which gas has the highest concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere?
    (A) Oxygen
    (B) Nitrogen
    (C) Carbon dioxide
    (D) Hydrogen
    Answer: (B)
  45. Which international treaty deals with persistent organic pollutants (POPs)?
    (A) Basel Convention
    (B) Stockholm Convention
    (C) Kyoto Protocol
    (D) Paris Agreement
    Answer: (B)
  46. Which region is known for maximum coral diversity?
    (A) Caribbean
    (B) Red Sea
    (C) Great Barrier Reef
    (D) Coral Triangle
    Answer: (D)
  47. Which of the following layers protects life on Earth from UV rays?
    (A) Troposphere
    (B) Ozone layer
    (C) Ionosphere
    (D) Mesosphere
    Answer: (B)
  48. Which energy source does NOT cause any pollution?
    (A) Solar energy
    (B) Nuclear energy
    (C) Natural gas
    (D) Coal
    Answer: (A)
  49. Which of the following species is NOT endemic to India?
    (A) Lion-tailed macaque
    (B) Indian Rhino
    (C) Asiatic Lion
    (D) Panda
    Answer: (D)
  50. Which term describes the slow increase of global average temperature due to greenhouse gases?
    (A) Acid rain
    (B) Climate change
    (C) Global warming
    (D) Ozone hole
    Answer: (C)

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