Important MCQs on Plant Biology – Transport, Adaptation, Reproduction & Nutrition for Competitive Exams

Plant Water and Nutrient Transport

1. In plants, water is primarily transported through:
   (a) Cambium
   (b) Phloem
   (c) Epidermis
   (d) Xylem
   Answer: (d)
2. Which element enhances the absorption of water and calcium in plants?
   (a) Manganese
   (b) Boron
   (c) Copper
   (d) Molybdenum
   Answer: (b)
3. Xylem is responsible for transporting:
   (a) Food
   (b) Water
   (c) Nutrients
   (d) Both food and water
   Answer: (b)

2. Plant Types and Adaptations

4. Cactus is an example of a:
   (a) Hydrophyte
   (b) Mesophyte
   (c) Xerophyte
   (d) Epiphyte
   Answer: (c)
5. In cactus, spines are modified:
   (a) Stems
   (b) Stipules
   (c) Leaves
   (d) Buds
   Answer: (c)

3. Edible Plants and Economic Importance

6. The plant from which cocoa and chocolate are derived is a:
   (a) Herb
   (b) Shrub
   (c) Small tree
   (d) Very big tree
   Answer: (c)
7. Cluster bean (Guar) cultivation gained economic importance because:
   (a) Its seed oil is used in manufacturing
   (b) Its seed gum is used in shale gas extraction
   (c) Its leaf extract acts as an antihistamine
   (d) It is a biodiesel source
   Answer: (b)
8. Which of the following is edible due to its fleshy thalamus?
   (a) Mango
   (b) Orange
   (c) Tomato
   (d) Apple
   Answer: (d)

4. Vegetative Propagation and Reproduction

9. Vegetative propagation through stem cuttings is commonly seen in:
   (a) Banana
   (b) Sugarcane
   (c) Mango
   (d) Cotton
   Answer: (b)
10. A fertilized egg in plants is referred to as a:
    (a) Oospore
    (b) Conidiospore
    (c) Zoospore
    (d) Zygote
    Answer: (d)
11. Insect-pollinated flowers generally have pollen grains that are:
    (a) Smooth and dry
    (b) Rough and sticky
    (c) Rough and dry
    (d) Large-sized
    Answer: (b)

5. Plant Structures and Modifications

12. Onion is a modified form of:
    (a) Leaf
    (b) Stem
    (c) Root
    (d) None of these
    Answer: (b)
13. Which of the following plants produces seeds but not fruits?
    (a) Sugarcane
    (b) Groundnut
    (c) Cycas
    (d) Almond
    Answer: (c)

6. Nutrition and Biochemical Uses

14. Carbohydrates are stored in the human body as:
    (a) Glucose
    (b) Starch
    (c) Glycogen
    (d) Sucrose
    Answer: (c)
15. Agar-agar is obtained from:
    (a) Algae
    (b) Lichens
    (c) Fungi
    (d) Bryophytes
    Answer: (a)

7. Botanical Facts and Food Sources

16. Which statement(s) about maize are correct?
17. It is used to produce starch
18. Its oil can be used as biodiesel feedstock
19. It can be used to make alcoholic beverages
    (a) 1 only
    (b) 1 and 2 only
    (c) 2 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2, and 3
    Answer: (d)
20. Consider the following:
21. Brinjal is rich in iron
22. Pumpkin is a good source of Vitamin A
    Which of the statements are correct?
    (a) 1 only
    (b) 2 only
    (c) Both 1 and 2
    (d) Neither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (c)

8. Plant Classification

18. The gametophytes in sexually reproducing flowering plants are:
    (a) Haploid
    (b) Diploid
    (c) Tetraploid
    (d) Polyploid
    Answer: (a)
19. Which of the following is an insectivorous plant?
    (a) Passion flower
    (b) Pitcher plant
    (c) Night queen
    (d) Flame of the forest
    Answer: (b)